Malignant melanoma - Melanoma Malignant
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Natiijooyinka Stiftung Warentest ee 2022 ee ka yimid Jarmalka, ku qanacsanaanta macaamilka ee ModelDerm ayaa waxyar uun ka hooseysay la-talinta telemedicine-ka ee lacagta lagu bixiyo.
Natiijooyinka Stiftung Warentest ee 2022 ee ka yimid Jarmalka, ku qanacsanaanta macaamilka ee ModelDerm ayaa waxyar uun ka hooseysay la-talinta telemedicine-ka ee lacagta lagu bixiyo.
Melanoma qiyaastii 2.5 cm (1 inch) × 1.5 cm (0.6 inch)
In kasta oo kiiskan lagu sheegay melanoma, aragtida aragga waxay la mid tahay hematoma cidiyaha. Hematomas (benign) waxay caadi ahaan ku baaba'aan hal ilaa laba bilood gudahood marka la riixo. Sidaa darteed, haddii nabarku sii jiro muddo dheer, melanoma ayaa laga yaabaa in laga shakiyo oo waa in la sameeyaa biopsy.
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesMelanoma waa nooc ka mid ah burooyinka oo sameysma marka melanocytes ay noqdaan kuwo xun. Melanocytes waxay ka soo jeedaan qolofta neerfaha. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in melanoma aysan ku kori karin maqaarka oo kaliya, balse sidoo kale meelaha kale ee unugyada neerfaha ee ku faafa, sida caloosha, mindhicirka, iyo maskaxda. Bukaanka qaba marxaladda 0 ee melanoma waxay leeyihiin heerka badbaadada shanta sano ah 97%, halka kuwa qaba heerka IV ay leeyihiin kaliya 10%.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) waa nooc ka mid ah burooyinka maqaarka oo aad khatar u ah, isla markaana mas'uul ka ah 90% dhimashada kansarka maqaarka. Si tan wax looga qabto, khubarada ka socota European Dermatology Forum (EDF), European Association of Dermato‑Oncology (EADO) iyo European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) ayaa iska kaashadeen.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Melanoma, oo ah nooc ka mid ah kansarka maqaarka, waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa nidaamka difaaca jirka. Tani waxay muujineysaa in dadka leh nidaam difaac oo daciif ah ay u nugul yihiin, maadaama unugyada difaaca ay si sahal ah u galaan burooyinka asalka ah oo ay ku fidi karaan qaybaha kale ee jirka. Sidoo kale, nidaamka difaaca jirka wuxuu awoodaa inuu aqoonsado borotiinno gaar ah oo laga helo unugyada melanoma. Sidaas darteed, daaweynta kor u qaadaysa nidaamka difaaca jirka waxay muujisay ballanqaad wanaagsan oo lagula dagaallamo melanoma. Inkastoo isticmaalka daaweynta kor u qaadida difaaca jirka ee melanoma horumarsan uu weli yahay horumar cusub, cilmi-baaris dhawaan la sameeyay ayaa muujisay in isku darka daaweyntan oo lagu daro chemotherapy, radiotherapy, ama daaweynta molecular ee bartilmaameedka ah ay si weyn u hagaajin karto natiijooyinka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daaweynta noocan oo kale ah waxay keeni kartaa saameyno badan oo la xiriira nidaamka difaaca, kuwaas oo saameyn ku yeelan kara xubnaha kala duwan, taasina waxay xaddidi kartaa adeegsigeeda. Mustaqbalka, hababka daaweynta melanoma horumarsan waxay diiradda saari doonaan beegsiga isbaarooyinka difaaca gaarka ah sida PD1, ama daawooyinka farageliya waddooyinka molecular sida BRAF iyo MEK.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Sababta ugu weyn ee melanoma waa soo-gaadhista iftiinka ultraviolet (UV) ee dadka leh heerar hoose oo melanin ah (dad cad). Iftiinka UV waxa laga yaabaa inuu ka yimaado qoraxda ama aaladaha haragga. Kuwa qaba nevus badan, taariikhda melanoma ee qoyska, iyo difaac liita waxay halis weyn ugu jiraan melanoma.
Isticmaalka muraayadda qorraxda iyo ka fogaanshaha iftiinka UV waxay ka hortagi kartaa melanoma. Daawaynta caadi ahaan waa ka saarista qaliinka. Kuwa qaba kansar waxyar ka weyn, qanjidhada u dhow ayaa laga baari karaa faafitaanka (metastasis). Dadka intooda badan waa la daaweeyaa haddii metastasis-ka aysan dhicin. Kuwa melanoma ku faafto, immunotherapy, biologic therapy, radiotherapy, ama chemotherapy ayaa kor u qaadi kara badbaadada. Heerka badbaadada shanta sano ee Maraykanka waa 99 % marka kansarku ku kooban yahay maqaarka, 65 % marka uu ku fido qanjidhada qaraabada, iyo 25 % marka uu gaadho meelaha fog.
Melanoma waa nooca ugu khatarta badan ee kansarka maqaarka. Australia iyo New Zealand ayaa leh heerarka ugu sarreeya ee melanoma adduunka. Heerarka sare ee melanoma sidoo kale waa laga helaa Waqooyiga Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika. Melanoma aad bay uga yar tahay Aasiya, Afrika, iyo Laatiin Ameerika. Gudaha Maraykanka, melanoma waxay ku dhacdaa qiyaastii 1.6 jeer in ka badan ragga marka loo eego dumarka.
○ Calaamadaha iyo astaamaha
Calaamadaha hore ee melanoma waa isbeddelka qaabka ama midabka nevus ee jira. Nooca melanoma nodular, waxaa muuqda buro cusub oo maqaarka ah. Marxaladaha dambe, nevi waxay noqon karaan kuwo cuncun, boogo, ama dhiig baxa.
[A‑Asymmetry] Asymmetry ee qaabka
[B‑Borders] Xuduud (aan caadi ahayn oo geeso leh)
[C‑Color] Midab (kala duwan oo aan joogto ahayn)
[D‑Diameter] Dherer (ka weyn 6 mm = 0.24 inch = qiyaastii cabbirka qalin masar)
[E‑Evolving] Kor u kac waqti ka dib
cf) Seborrheic keratosis waxa laga yaabaa inay buuxiso qaar ama dhammaan shuruudaha ABCD, taasoo keeni karta digniino been ah.
Metastasis ee melanoma hore waa suurtagal, laakiin waa dhif; in ka yar shan meelood meel melanomas ee la ogaado goor hore ayaa noqda metastatic. Kala‑baxyada maskaxda (brain metastases) waxay ku badan yihiin bukaannada qaba melanoma. Metastatic melanoma waxa kale oo ay ku fidi kartaa beerka, lafaha, caloosha, ama qanjidhada fog.
○ Diagnosis
Marka la eego aagga la baarayo waa habka ugu badan ee looga shakiyo melanoma. Nevus‑yada aan caadi ahayn midab ama qaab ahaan waxaa sida caadiga ah loola dhaqmaa sidii musharaxiinta melanoma.
Dhakhaatiirtu waxay caadi ahaan baadhaan dhammaan burooyinka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa dhexroorkoodu ka yar yahay 6 mm. Markii ay khabiiro tababaran isticmaalaan, dermoscopy‑ga ayaa aad waxtar u leh si loo garto nabarrada halista ah marka loo eego kaliya indhaha qaawan. Cilad‑sheegiddu waa biopsi laga qaado nabar kasta oo maqaarka ah oo muujinaya calaamado kansar.
○ Daawaynta
#Mohs surgery
Dhakhtarkaagu waxa laga yaabaa inuu kugula taliyo immunotherapy, gaar ahaan haddii aad leedahay marxaladda 3 ama heerka 4 melanoma oo aan lagaga saari karin qaliinka.
#Ipilimumab [Yervoy]
#Pembrolizumab [Keytruda]
#Nivolumab [Opdivo]